Risk Factors of Teen Drinking: Short & Long Term Effects of Underage Drinking

Risk Factors of Teen Drinking: Short & Long Term Effects of Underage Drinking Underage drinking leads to more problems than just a hangover the next day. The life-altering consequences of underage drinking are associated not only with the substance itself, but also with the behaviors and risk factors that come with abusing alcohol. With the development of their brains, bodies and behavior still taking place, teens suffer greater immediate impacts, as well as increased risks for substance abuse problems in adulthood. Effects on brain development can include neurodegeneration that causes impediments to learning and memory loss; cognitive deficits; and impairments to perception and comprehension. These same effects can lead to problems in school and work even after drinking has ceased, because the damage has already been done. Bodily harm while under the influence, such as that resulting from physical and sexual violence, can also have lasting psychological impact long after the drinking is done. Behaviors that develop over time from a place of impairment can lead to a life of poor decision-making and lower rates of success and satisfaction overall. Since access to alcohol is more limited due to age restrictions, teen drinking is rarely merely social and often expressed as binge drinking. The combination of lack of impulse control and the propensity for risk-taking behavior more common in adolescence, paired with the still developing, decision-making part of the brain, creates a disturbing effect on brain development that can lead to severe and sometimes deadly consequences. These factors together lead to higher levels of alcohol abuse among adolescents, alcohol poisoning, memory loss, lack of coordination, run-ins with the law and an unhealthy relationship with alcohol that can continue on into adulthood, creating greater prevalence of addiction later on with more severe consequences. Because underage drinking is illegal, there is also a greater risk for legal consequences among teens. Impaired decision-making and higher incidence of blackouts during binge drinking episodes also increase the risk for experiences of sexual violence and trauma—and these in turn can lead to serious consequences in the present and impact the course of a person’s sexual experiences over a lifetime. Binge drinking also leads to higher rates of physical assault, increase of addiction later on in life, and erratic behaviors resulting in negative effects on relationships as well as an inability to create steady and satisfying educational and employment opportunities.According to the Journal of Health Economics, underage drinking doubles the probability of smoking and with it adds the many health risks and consequences associated with smoking, especially during the critical period of lung development of adolescence. Risks include susceptibility for lung cancer and stunted lung development. Illicit drug use also goes up as a result of drinking, leading to deaths from accidental overdose and other dangerous side effects when mixing drinking and drugs. Addiction rates and the progression of effects on healthy development also increase. LEARNING AND EARNING CAPACITY Teen drinking leads to a decline in participation in school and negative impacts on learning and performing in school-related tasks. Students engaged in underage drinking fall behind on assignments and score lower on tests as a result of memory loss and negative effects on cognitive function. Lower grades and lower attendance rates can lead to delayed graduation, and the situation is only compounded with more limitations on college choices and later on. Employment opportunities are likewise narrowed to jobs that accommodate drinking and drinking-related behaviors, impacting earning capacity over a lifetime